What is a Franchise Agreement? Legal Structure and Termination Risks
Regarding the subject of "Franchise Agreements"; Modern business is one of the most common, dynamic, and at the same time, dispute-prone commercial areas... Read More
Establishment Procedures of a Joint Stock Company
Regarding the topic of "Establishment Procedures of a Joint Stock Company"; Introduction and Theoretical Framework: The Origin and Importance of Joint Stock Companies. In the systematics of commercial law, modern economic... Read More
What is Arbitration? Why is it Preferred? The Arbitration Process and its Advantages
What is Arbitration? Why is it Preferred? The Arbitration Process and its Advantages With the development of commercial relations, the diversification of contracts between companies, and the expansion of international trade, disputes... Read More
Investment Sources and Banking Compliance Processes in Germany: AML/KYC Risks (Legal Guide)
This text discusses how banks in Germany conduct source of funds checks under AML/KYC regulations when investing, identity verification under the GwG (Geldwäschegesetz), UBO/Transparenzregister, and PEP – high risk – cryptocurrency... Read More
What is a Bill of Lading (B/L)? Types, Legal Nature and Critical Errors in Practice (2026)
What is a Bill of Lading (B/L)? Types, Legal Nature and Critical Errors in Practice (2026) The “key document” of freight transport by sea (and sometimes in combined transport)... Read More
Jurisdiction Due to Branch Operations: Can a Lawsuit Be Filed at a Branch Address? (Guide to Article 14/1 of the Code of Civil Procedure)
Jurisdiction Due to Branch Operations: Can a Lawsuit Be Filed at the Branch Address? (Code of Civil Procedure Article 14/1 Guide) Where is a lawsuit filed in commercial disputes arising from branch operations? Code of Civil Procedure... Read More
Can Email/WhatsApp Correspondence Be Used as Evidence in Commercial Litigation? (From a Procedural Perspective) Evidential Value, Probabilistic Value, Presentation and Objection Strategy (2026)
Can Email/WhatsApp Correspondence Be Used as Evidence in Commercial Litigation? (Procedural Aspects) Evidential Value, Probabilistic Value, Presentation and Objection Strategy (2026) According to Article 199 of the Turkish Civil Code, email/WhatsApp... Read More
The Role of the Commercial Court in Company Dissolution and Liquidation Cases
The Role of the Commercial Court in Company Dissolution and Liquidation Cases: Reasons for dissolution in joint-stock and limited liability companies, dissolution for just cause, lack of governing bodies, and the liquidation process... Read More
Prohibition of Expanding Claims and Defenses in Commercial Litigation: Practical Examples, Strategy, and "Subsequent Additional Petitions"
Prohibition of Expanding Claims and Defenses: Practical Examples, Strategy, and "Subsequent Additional Petitions" in Commercial Litigation 1) Concept: What does "Expansion/Modification" mean? Expanding claims and defenses... Read More
Jurisdiction in Insurance Disputes: Commercial Court or Civil Court?
Jurisdiction in Insurance Disputes: Commercial Court or Civil Court? 1) Why is "jurisdiction" critical? In insurance disputes, the first and most decisive hurdle is "jurisdiction." Because... Read More