What is a Commercial Enterprise? (Turkish Commercial Code, Article 11)
What is a Commercial Enterprise? (Turkish Commercial Code Article 11) – Legal Framework and Significance in Practice The "central concept" of commercial law is largely the commercial enterprise. Because the status of a merchant,... Read More
The merchant must act like a prudent businessman (Turkish Commercial Code, Article 18/2)
What does it mean in practice for a merchant to act like a prudent businessman (Turkish Commercial Code Article 18/2)? In commercial life, excuses like "I didn't know," "I couldn't foresee it," "the risk didn't occur to me"... Read More
Unfair Competition in Practice
Why is unfair competition such a "speed" issue in practice? Although unfair competition is theoretically defined as "competition contrary to the rule of honesty," in practice, the vast majority of cases... Read More
What is the Unfair Competition Authority?
The "Unfair Competition Authority" is an institution that ensures competition within a free market is conducted fairly, protecting not only competitors but also customers/consumers and the market order. Read More
Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights and Unfair Competition Cases in Practice: Proper Case Construction, Injunctions, Evidence, and Compensation
In intellectual and industrial property (IIP) disputes, the "fastest result" often depends on choosing the right type of lawsuit. In practice, the fundamental question facing a lawyer is:... Read More
Transfer of Commercial Enterprise (Turkish Commercial Code Article 11/3)
Transfer of a Business: “Asset Sale” or “Transfer as a Whole”? In practice, when we talk about “business transfer,” we encounter three different transactions that are all lumped together: (i)... Read More
Acquisition of Merchant Status and its Consequences (Turkish Commercial Code Articles 11–22)
1) Why is the status of a merchant important? In commercial life, being a "merchant" is not just a matter of title. The status of a merchant includes being subject to bankruptcy proceedings, having a trade name... Read More
Creditor Protection and Liquidator's Responsibility During Company Liquidation
Creditor Protection and the Liquidator's Role in Company Liquidation Question 1. Introduction: The Critical Importance of the Liquidation Process for Creditors The cessation of company operations is a critical issue for most... Read More
Keeping Commercial Books and Electronic Bookkeeping Applications
Keeping Commercial Books and Electronic Bookkeeping Applications 1. Introduction: The Importance of Bookkeeping Obligations in Digitalized Commerce With the digitalization of commercial life, the financial records of businesses... Read More
Deceptive Advertising and Sales Methods
1. Introduction: The Rule of Honesty as the Cement of Market Order Deceptive advertising and sales methods directly target the fair functioning of the free market and pose economic risks... Read More