Unfair Competition and Digital Market Law
1. Introduction Digitalization on a global scale has fundamentally changed the structure of economic relations. Traditional market competition is now based more on the data-driven dominance of digital platforms than on physical production... Read More
Vertical Deals and Selective Distribution in the Sports Equipment Market
1. Introduction The sports industry is not just about on-field competition; there is also intense economic competition off the field. From football jerseys to running shoes, sports... Read More
Training Compensation for Youth Players
1. Introduction In the economic structure of football and other team sports, infrastructure investments form the cornerstone of long-term sporting success. Clubs invest in young players for years... Read More
Exclusivity Clauses in the Sponsorship and Advertising Market: Market Closure Effects
1. Introduction One of the most important components of the economic size of the sports industry is sponsorship and advertising revenue. A large portion of the income of clubs, federations, and event organizers comes from brands... Read More
Contracted Participation in E-Sports Leagues
1. Introduction In the last decade, esports has evolved from being merely a form of entertainment to a multi-billion dollar global industry. In Turkey, Riot Games... Read More
Ticketing, Dynamic Pricing, and Loyalty Programs: Abuse of Dominant Position
1. Introduction With the digitalization of the sports economy, ticketing systems have shifted from classic box office sales to entirely digital platforms. This transformation increases revenue diversification for clubs while enhancing competition... Read More
Clubs Association Agreements
1. Introduction The modern sports industry is becoming increasingly institutionalized with its high revenue and brand value potential; in this process, coordination, representation and common interests among clubs... Read More
Financial Fair Play-like Regulations
1. Introduction The financial crises experienced by European football since the 2010s, particularly the fact that some clubs spent many times more than their income and had high debt levels,... Read More
Transfer Windows and Player Mobility
1. Introduction In the sports industry, transfer windows are mechanisms that regulate the free movement of players between clubs during specific periods. However, these periodic restrictions have both economic implications... Read More
Salary Cap Applications
1. Introduction The "salary cap," as it is known internationally, is designed to ensure that sports clubs compete within a certain financial balance... Read More