Obligation to Keep Commercial Books
Obligation to Keep Commercial Books: Who is Required to Keep Them, and What Penalties Apply if They Are Not? 1. Introduction: Why Are Commercial Books So Important? Stepping into commercial life... Read More
Loss of Commercial Ledgers
What is the Loss (Destruction/Disappearance) of Commercial Ledgers, What are the Consequences, and How to Obtain a Certificate of Loss? Commercial ledgers are essential for both the internal operations of a merchant and... Read More
The Evidential Value of Commercial Books
The Evidential Value of Commercial Books: For and Against the Merchant in Court Introduction: Commercial Books Are Not Just for Tax Purposes, They Also Speak in Court... Read More
Business Name and Trade Name
Differences Between Business Name and Trade Name: Rights and Claims in Case of Confusion Many entrepreneurs entering the business world confuse "business name" and "trade name"... Read More
Choosing a Trade Name
What to Consider When Choosing a Trade Name? Similar Names, Brand Conflicts, and Liability 1. What is a Trade Name and Why is it So Important? A trade name,... Read More
Obligation to Register with the Commercial Registry
Registration Requirement in the Commercial Registry: Which Businesses Are Required to Register, and What Happens If You Don't? In Türkiye, an activity is transformed from being merely a "business" into a truly "commercial"... Read More
Legal Consequences of Acquiring Merchant Status
Legal Consequences of Acquiring Merchant Status: Aggravated Liability, Commercial Customs, and Rules of Proof 1. Introduction: Why is Merchant Status So Important? Turkish Commercial... Read More
Liability of the Guarantor Based on Company Partnership
Introduction to the Liability of the Guarantor Based on Company Partnership: Negotiable instruments (checks, promissory notes, and bills of exchange) are used to ensure the security of commercial life and to expand credit... Read More
Tax Implications of Turnover in Practice
The Tax Implications of Endorsement in Practice Introduction The law of negotiable instruments constitutes one of the most dynamic areas of commercial law. Negotiable instruments such as checks, promissory notes, and bills of exchange... Read More
Allegations of Fraud in Revenue and Document Examination
Allegations of Forgery in Endorsements and Document Examinations Introduction One of the most important tools ensuring the reliable functioning of commercial life is negotiable instruments. Bills of exchange, promissory notes, and checks... Read More