Unfair competition
LEGAL NATURE AND PURPOSE OF UNFAIR COMPETITION Unfair competition regulations aim to protect not only the interests of competitors but also the integrity of consumers (customers) and society in general... Read More
ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS THROUGH ATTACHMENT SPECIFIC TO NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
ENFORCEMENT BY ATTACHMENT SPECIFIC TO NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS Enforcement by attachment specific to negotiable instruments, in Turkish law, refers to enforcement proceedings where a creditor possesses an instrument such as a promissory note, bill of exchange, or check... Read More
Salvage and LOF Contracts: Award, Expenses, and Key Risks
Salvage and LOF Contracts: Award, Expenses, and Key Risks In maritime practice, “salvage” is often associated with dramatic scenarios—preventing a vessel from... Read More
What is a Bill of Lading (B/L)? Types, Legal Nature and Critical Errors in Practice (2026)
What is a Bill of Lading (B/L)? Types, Legal Nature and Critical Errors in Practice (2026) The “key document” of freight transport by sea (and sometimes in combined transport)... Read More
Non-Payment of Compensation in Life Insurance
The Problem of Non-Payment in Life Insurance: Life insurance guarantees payment to the beneficiary or heirs in the event of the insured's death or the occurrence of an event specified in the policy... Read More
(Sample Petition for a Traffic Accident Compensation Claim)
TO THE TURKISH REPUBLIC CIVIL COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE (If filed against an insurance company, then commercial court of first instance) PLAINTIFF: … DEFENDANT: (Driver, operator, insurance company, etc.) SUBJECT: …/…/20…... Read More
Sample Petition for Refund of Unjustified Additional Fees at a Private Hospital
TO THE TURKISH REPUBLIC CONSUMER COURT (Alternative: Consumer Arbitration Board if the monetary limit is below (186,000 TL)) PLAINTIFF: (Name Surname, Turkish Identity Number, Address) REPRESENTATIVE: Attorney … (UETS) DEFENDANT... Read More
Minority Rights in Joint Stock Companies: Ratios, Terms of Use, Litigation and Audit Procedures (Turkish Commercial Code Guide)
Minority Rights in Joint Stock Companies: Ratios, Terms of Use, Litigation and Audit Procedures (Turkish Commercial Code Guide) What are minority rights in joint stock companies? 10%/5% minority ratio, general... Read More
Annulment of General Assembly Resolutions: Time Limits, Conditions for Filing a Lawsuit, Evidence, and Implementation Strategy
Annulment of General Assembly Resolutions: Time Limits, Filing Requirements, Evidence, and Implementation Strategy. General assembly resolutions cover a wide range of areas, from the company's profit policy and the election of the management body to capital increases... Read More
Jurisdiction and Authority in Commercial Courts: A Guide to Filing Your Case in the Right Court (Code of Civil Procedure No. 6100)
Jurisdiction and Authority in Commercial Courts: A Guide to Filing Your Case in the Right Court (Code of Civil Procedure No. 6100) In commercial disputes, it is not enough for the plaintiff to be "justified";... Read More