The Crime of Accepting Titles and Similar Ranks from the Enemy
The independence of the state and the protection of national security depend inextricably linked to the loyalty of citizens and public officials. This is especially true during times of war or when international relations are strained... Read More
Disclosure of Confidential Information and Legal Liability Under Article 329 of the Turkish Penal Code
The security and stability of states depend on protecting the confidentiality of certain information. The disclosure of state secrets or information of a strategic nature for public security by unauthorized persons... Read More
The Crime of Political or Military Espionage
Espionage is one of the most serious crimes, directly threatening the security and international relations of states. Political or military espionage targets a state's political interests, security... Read More
International Espionage Crime and Sanctions
Espionage is one of the most serious crimes that directly threatens the security and international relations of states. International espionage, in particular, involves one state jeopardizing the security of another state... Read More
Negligent Espionage in Light of Article 330 of the Turkish Penal Code
Espionage crimes are among the most serious types of crimes in terms of state security and strategic interests. However, espionage acts are not intentional but negligent (careless,...). Read More
Disclosure of State Secrets: The Balance Between Espionage and Freedom of the Press
Today, sensitive information is of paramount importance to national security, diplomatic relations, and military strategies. The disclosure of this information by unauthorized individuals can not only... Read More
Obtaining Information Prohibited Under Article 328 of the Turkish Penal Code
Information security has become one of the most strategic priorities for states in today's world, especially when it relates to state security, diplomatic relations, military plans, or strategic interests. Read More
The Crime of Disclosing Classified Information for Espionage Purposes
The security of states and the protection of their domestic and foreign political interests are ensured, especially against the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive and confidential information, through strong legal mechanisms. Prohibited information... Read More
Unauthorized Acquisition of State Secrets and Espionage Crimes
Today, information has strategic value for both the security and economic interests of states. This is especially true for state security, defense systems, foreign relations, or... Read More