Transfer of Commercial Enterprise (Turkish Commercial Code Article 11/3)
Transfer of a Business: “Asset Sale” or “Transfer as a Whole”? In practice, when we talk about “business transfer,” we encounter three different transactions that are all lumped together: (i)... Read More
Multiple club ownership
The New Face of Club Investments: The Legal Challenges of the Multi-Club Ownership Model Introduction: The Rising Paradigm of Global Football The financial landscape of modern football, the traditional club structures... Read More
Non-Compete Clause and Penalty Clause
Conceptual Framework: What is a Non-Compete Clause? What is the Purpose of a Penalty Clause? A non-compete clause is a clause that applies during a contractual relationship (for the duration of the term of office) or, more often,... Read More
Unfair Competition and Digital Market Law
1. Introduction Digitalization on a global scale has fundamentally changed the structure of economic relations. Traditional market competition is now based more on the data-driven dominance of digital platforms than on physical production... Read More
Gyms and Fitness Businesses: Membership Agreements, Cancellation, and Liability
Introduction: The Dynamics of Service Contracts and the Conflict with Consumer Law The relationship between gyms and fitness businesses and their members is essentially a service contract... Read More
Vertical Deals and Selective Distribution in the Sports Equipment Market
1. Introduction The sports industry is not just about on-field competition; there is also intense economic competition off the field. From football jerseys to running shoes, sports... Read More
Exclusivity Clauses in the Sponsorship and Advertising Market: Market Closure Effects
1. Introduction One of the most important components of the economic size of the sports industry is sponsorship and advertising revenue. A large portion of the income of clubs, federations, and event organizers comes from brands... Read More
Transfer Windows and Player Mobility
1. Introduction In the sports industry, transfer windows are mechanisms that regulate the free movement of players between clubs during specific periods. However, these periodic restrictions have both economic implications... Read More
Salary Cap Applications
1. Introduction The "salary cap," as it is known internationally, is designed to ensure that sports clubs compete within a certain financial balance... Read More
Collective Sale of Publishing Rights
1. Introduction The collective sale of sports broadcasting rights is one of the issues that most challenges the boundaries of competition law, both economically and legally.... Read More