Appeals and Remedies Against Decisions in Civil Procedure Law
Appeals and Remedies Against Decisions in Civil Procedure Law: Civil Procedure Law regulates the rules and judicial processes applied in the resolution of private law disputes... Read More
Differences Between Appeal and Cassation: Scope, Procedure, Strategy, and Examples
Differences Between Appeal and Cassation: Scope, Procedure, Strategy, and Examples. Learn the differences between appeal and cassation in detail. Which authorities oversee what,... Read More
Types of Cases: The Differences Between Contested and Non-Contested Proceedings
Types of Cases: Differences Between Contested and Non-Contested Proceedings. While contested proceedings are a type of lawsuit, non-contested proceedings are not. The legal system... Read More
Electronic evidence (WhatsApp messages, emails, etc.)
1. Introduction: The Changing Understanding of Evidence in the Digital Age Almost all aspects of daily life have moved to the digital realm. Discussions now take place in WhatsApp groups, business relationships... Read More
Negative Declaratory and Restitution Lawsuits Filed Against Enforcement Proceedings
1. Introduction: Why are Negative Declaratory and Restitution Lawsuits Important? Enforcement proceedings are an effective way for creditors to recover their debts by using state force... Read More
Burden of Proof and Standards of Proof
1. Introduction One of the most fundamental problems in resolving disputes in civil procedural law is who will prove which fact and to what extent the judge needs to be convinced... Read More
Conditions and Strategic Importance of Filing a Counterclaim
1. Introduction: Transition from Passive to Active Defendant In civil litigation, at first glance the plaintiff appears to be the "attacker" and the defendant merely the "defender." However, the opposing party... Read More
Legal Requirements and Preliminary Objections: Matters to be Considered Ex Officio by the Courts
1. Introduction: The Role of Procedural Requirements and Preliminary Objections in Civil Procedural Law. Civil procedural law defines the judicial path to be followed for the realization of a substantive right and... Read More
What are pendency and res judicata (objection to final judgment)?
1. Introduction: The Mechanism Preventing Repeated Litigation of the Same Dispute The fundamental aim in civil litigation is to resolve disputes once, correctly, and fairly. The same... Read More
Can voice recordings, WhatsApp conversations, and emails be considered as evidence?
1. The Evidence System and the Place of Electronic Evidence in the Code of Civil Procedure 1.1. General Overview of the Concepts of Proof and Evidence The main purpose in civil litigation is to resolve the dispute between the parties... Read More